编者按：

      玉德堂书院成立一来，第一个组织研究的社会科学项目便是“以盘古开天地为首篇的中华创世神话研究”。目前，研究项目已经完成，取得了丰硕成果，完成了《中国盘古创世文化论文集》和《中华创世神话》两本专著书稿。在书籍出版发行前，我们计划分三十六期发表这套书的编委会主任赵宪尧教授推荐的部分内容，以飨读者。

十三，蚩尤传奇

原文：

    蚩尤者，九黎之君也，姜姓，牛首人身，銅頭鐵額，八肱八趾，食沙飲石，力能扛山。其母嫗姬，浴於羊水，感玄鳥之卵而孕，歷十有二月而生。生而能言，長而勇悍，善作五兵：戈、矛、戟、酋矛、夷矛，利不可當。

   當是時，神農氏衰，諸侯相侵伐，民不聊生。蚩尤率九黎部落，據東夷，撫眾十萬，以金作兵器，威振天下。其部民皆能征善戰，或化猛獸，或御風雨，號為「九黎之師」。

   蚩尤見中原沃野，欲圖之，乃會夸父、三苗之屬，舉兵西向，與軒轅黃帝戰於涿鹿。戰初，蚩尤作大霧三日，軍皆迷向；又縱風伯雨師，布狂風驟雨，黃帝軍大擾。然黃帝得指南車以辨方，召女魃以止雨，戰局乃變。

   蚩尤怒，親操巨斧，身被堅甲，衝陣無前。其麾下魑魅罔兩，能作妖聲，惑亂軍心。黃帝乃吹角為龍吟，破其妖術，復令應龍蓄水以灌其營。蚩尤兵敗，率殘部退走，黃帝追之，戰於中冀之野。

   蚩尤力竭被擒，黃帝斬其首，身葬解州，首葬東平。其血化為鹽池，民取之以為味。雖敗，然九黎之技：冶銅之術、製陶之巧、樂舞之藝，漸融於華夏，為文明之助。

   後世或謂其凶，然觀其治九黎，教民冶金、理水、作樂，亦有創制之功。蓋洪荒之際，部落相爭，皆為生存，其勇烈之名，亦傳於千古矣。

简中原文：

    蚩尤者，九黎之君也，姜姓，牛首人身，铜头铁额，八肱八趾，食沙饮石，力能扛山。其母妪姬，浴于羊水，感玄鸟之卵而孕，历十有二月而生。生而能言，长而勇悍，善作五兵：戈、矛、戟、酋矛、夷矛，利不可当。

    当是时，神农氏衰，诸侯相侵伐，民不聊生。蚩尤率九黎部落，据东夷，抚众十万，以金作兵器，威振天下。其部民皆能征善战，或化猛兽，或御风雨，号为“九黎之师”。

    蚩尤见中原沃野，欲图之，乃会夸父、三苗之属，举兵西向，与轩辕黄帝战于涿鹿。战初，蚩尤作大雾三日，军皆迷向；又纵风伯雨师，布狂风骤雨，黄帝军大扰。然黄帝得指南车以辨方，召女魃以止雨，战局乃变。

    蚩尤怒，亲操巨斧，身被坚甲，冲阵无前。其麾下魑魅罔两，能作妖声，惑乱军心。黄帝乃吹角为龙吟，破其妖术，复令应龙蓄水以灌其营。蚩尤兵败，率残部退走，黄帝追之，战于中冀之野。

    蚩尤力竭被擒，黄帝斩其首，身葬解州，首葬东平。其血化为盐池，民取之以为味。虽败，然九黎之技：冶铜之术、制陶之巧、乐舞之艺，渐融于华夏，为文明之助。

    后世或谓其凶，然观其治九黎，教民冶金、理水、作乐，亦有创制之功。盖洪荒之际，部落相争，皆为生存，其勇烈之名，亦传于千古矣。

简中译文：

蚩尤传奇

    蚩尤，是九黎部落的首领，姓姜，长着牛的头颅、人的身躯，铜铸的头颅、铁打的额头，有八条胳膊、八只脚，以沙子为食、以石头为饮，力气大到能扛起大山。他的母亲名叫妪姬，在羊水（古水名）中沐浴时，感应到玄鸟之卵的祥瑞而怀孕，历经十二个月才生下蚩尤。蚩尤刚出生就能说话，长大后勇猛强悍，擅长制造五种兵器：戈、矛、戟、酋矛、夷矛，这些兵器锋利无比，无人能挡。

    当时，炎帝的势力已经衰落，诸侯之间互相侵犯攻伐，百姓无法安居乐业。蚩尤率领九黎部落，占据东夷地区，安抚部众十万人，用金属铸造兵器，威势震动天下。他的部众都善于征战，有的能变化成猛兽，有的能驾驭风雨，被称为“九黎之师”。

    蚩尤看到中原地区土地肥沃，想要夺取这里，于是联合夸父、三苗等部落，率领军队向西进发，与轩辕黄帝在涿鹿展开大战。战斗初期，蚩尤制造了漫天大雾，连续三天不散，黄帝的军队都迷失了方向；他又召来风伯（风神）、雨师（雨神），降下狂风暴雨，黄帝的军队陷入极大的混乱。但黄帝靠着指南车辨别方向，召来女魃（神话中能驱散雨水的旱神）止住大雨，战局才得以扭转。

    蚩尤大怒，亲自手持巨斧，身披坚固的铠甲，冲锋陷阵、无人能挡。他麾下的山神鬼怪之类的部众，能发出怪异的声音，扰乱黄帝军队的军心。黄帝于是吹起号角，号角声如龙吟般洪亮，破除了蚩尤的妖术，又命令应龙蓄积洪水灌淹蚩尤的军营。蚩尤战败，率领残余部众撤退，黄帝率军追击，在中冀的原野上再次展开战斗。

    蚩尤最终力竭被擒，黄帝砍下了他的头颅。他的身躯被安葬在解州，头颅被安葬在东平。他的鲜血化为了盐池，百姓取盐池的盐作为调味品。蚩尤虽然战败，但九黎部落的技艺：冶炼青铜的技术、制作陶器的精巧工艺、音乐舞蹈的艺术，逐渐融入华夏文明，为文明发展提供了助力。

    后世有人称蚩尤为凶神，但看他治理九黎部落时，教导百姓冶炼金属、治理水土、创作乐舞，也有着开创制作的功绩。在远古洪荒时代，部落之间相互争夺，都是为了生存，蚩尤勇猛刚烈的名声，也流传千古。

英译文：

The Legend of Chi You

Chi You, leader of the Jiuli tribe and surnamed Jiang, had the head of an ox and the body of a human. His head was like cast bronze and his forehead like forged iron; he had eight arms and eight legs, fed on sand, drank stone water, and was strong enough to lift a mountain. His mother was named Yu Ji. While bathing in the Yangshui River (an ancient waterway), she was touched by the auspicious aura of a mysterious bird’s egg, became pregnant, and gave birth to Chi You after twelve months. Chi You could speak as soon as he was born; when he grew up, he was brave and powerful, and skilled in making five types of weapons—ge (dagger-axe), mao (spear), ji (halberd), qiu mao (long spear), and yi mao (short spear). These weapons were extremely sharp, and no one could withstand them.

At that time, the power of Yan Di (the Flame Emperor) had declined. Feudal lords attacked and invaded each other, and the people could not live in peace and contentment. Chi You led the Jiuli tribe, occupied the Dongyi region, governed a hundred thousand followers, forged weapons from metal, and his power shook the entire world. His followers were all skilled in battle: some could transform into fierce beasts, and some could control wind and rain. They were known as the "Army of Jiuli."

Seeing that the Central Plains had fertile land, Chi You wanted to seize it. So he allied with tribes such as Kuafu and Sanmiao, led his army westward, and launched a great battle against Xuanyuan (Huang Di, the Yellow Emperor) at Zhuolu. In the early stage of the battle, Chi You created a thick fog that lingered for three consecutive days, making Huang Di’s army lose their way. He also summoned Feng Bo (the God of Wind) and Yu Shi (the God of Rain) to bring violent winds and heavy rains, throwing Huang Di’s army into great chaos. However, Huang Di used a south-pointing chariot to identify directions and called upon Nü Ba (the Goddess of Drought in mythology, who could dispel rain) to stop the downpour—thus turning the tide of the battle.

Furious, Chi You personally took a giant axe, wore sturdy armor, and charged into the enemy lines, unstoppable. His followers, who were like mountain gods and ghosts, could make strange sounds to disturb the morale of Huang Di’s army. Huang Di then blew a horn; its sound was as loud as a dragon’s roar, breaking Chi You’s sorcery. He also ordered the Divine Dragon Yinglong to gather floodwaters to inundate Chi You’s barracks. Defeated, Chi You led his remaining followers in retreat. Huang Di pursued them with his army, and another battle broke out on the wilderness of Zhongji.

In the end, Chi You was captured when he ran out of strength, and Huang Di cut off his head. His body was buried in Xiezhou, and his head in Dongping. His blood turned into a salt lake, from which the people took salt as a condiment. Although Chi You was defeated, the skills of the Jiuli tribe—bronze smelting, exquisite pottery making, and music and dance art—gradually merged into Chinese civilization, contributing to its development.

Later generations sometimes called Chi You an evil god, but when he governed the Jiuli tribe, he taught the people to smelt metal, manage water and land, and create music and dance—achieving merits in pioneering and inventing. In the primeval age of wilderness, tribes fought against each other for survival, and Chi You’s reputation for bravery and fortitude has been passed down through the ages.

短评：

九黎雄风铸文脉蚩尤传奇蕴精神——蚩尤传说的多维价值与文化自信内核

    蚩尤传奇作为中华创世神话中独具张力的篇章，打破了单一的“善恶叙事”框架，以九黎部落首领的勇武与开创之功，为中华民族世界观、人生观、价值观的建构提供了多元视角，更成为丰富民族文化自信内涵的重要源泉。

   从世界观而言，蚩尤传说折射出先民对文明交融的朴素认知。传说中蚩尤率领的九黎部落，以冶炼青铜、制作陶器、创作乐舞的技艺见长，这些技艺最终融入华夏文明体系，印证了中华文明并非单一源头，而是由多个部落文明碰撞、融合而成的共同体。这种“多元一体”的文明起源认知，塑造了中华民族兼容并蓄、海纳百川的世界观底色，让“和而不同”的理念成为民族发展的重要指引。

   在人生观层面，蚩尤的形象诠释了“勇猛精进、自强不息”的生命追求。他凭借强悍的意志率领部众开拓生存空间，以非凡的创造力推动部落技艺发展，即便战败，其刚烈不屈、敢闯敢为的精神依然震撼后世。这种不畏强权、奋力拼搏的人生态度，为中华民族注入了锐意进取的精神力量，让“自强不息”的信条在不同历史时期都能焕发蓬勃生机。

   于价值观维度，蚩尤传说重构了“成败之外，功过并举”的价值评判标准。传说并未将蚩尤简单定义为“凶神”，而是客观记载了他治理九黎、教化百姓的功绩——冶炼金属以改善民生、治理水土以谋求发展、创作乐舞以丰富精神生活。这种辩证看待历史人物的视角，塑造了中华民族“不以成败论英雄”的价值取向，让“尊重多元贡献、正视文明源流”的观念深入人心。

   在文化自信的建构中，蚩尤传说更有着不可替代的独特价值。其一，它印证了中华文明“多元一体”的起源特质，九黎部落的青铜冶炼、陶器制作等技艺，是华夏文明演进的重要组成部分，为中华民族寻根溯源提供了更完整的历史图景；其二，蚩尤传说打破了传统神话的二元对立叙事，展现了上古部落文明竞争与融合的真实风貌，彰显出中华传统文化兼容并包的强大生命力；其三，蚩尤作为东夷文化的代表符号，其传说在后世不断被重新解读，成为连接不同地域、不同族群文化记忆的纽带，让民族文化自信拥有了更丰富的内涵与更广阔的视野。

   九黎部落的青铜炉火虽已熄灭，蚩尤传奇所承载的勇猛与开创精神却永照千秋。这则古老传说以其独特的历史价值，丰富着中华民族的精神图谱，为我们在新时代坚定文化自信、包容多元文化提供了深刻启示。

Short Review: 

The Valor of the Jiuli Tribes Forges the Cultural Vein, the Legend of Chiyou Embodies the National Spirit — The Multidimensional Value and Cultural Confidence Core of the Chiyou Legend

As a uniquely compelling chapter in Chinese creation myths, the legend of Chiyou breaks the simplistic framework of "good-evil narrative". With the martial prowess and pioneering contributions of the leader of the Jiuli tribes, it provides a diversified perspective for the construction of the Chinese nation’s world outlook, outlook on life and values, and serves as an important source for enriching the connotation of national cultural confidence.

 From the perspective of world outlook, the legend of Chiyou reflects the ancient ancestors’ naive cognition of civilizational integration. The Jiuli tribes led by Chiyou were distinguished for their skills in bronze smelting, pottery making and music and dance creation. These crafts were eventually integrated into the Huaxia civilization system, which proves that Chinese civilization did not originate from a single source but evolved as a community forged by the collision and fusion of multiple tribal civilizations. This understanding of the "diversity within unity" origin of civilization has shaped the Chinese nation’s world outlook featuring inclusiveness and openness, making the concept of "harmony in diversity" an important guideline for national development.

 At the level of outlook on life, Chiyou’s image interprets the life pursuit of "valiant progress and ceaseless self-improvement". With indomitable will, he led his tribes to expand living space and promoted the development of tribal craftsmanship with extraordinary creativity. Even though he was defeated in the end, his unyielding and daring spirit still resonates profoundly with later generations. This life attitude of defying brute force and striving for progress has injected a dynamic spirit of forging ahead into the Chinese nation, enabling the creed of "self-improvement" to thrive in different historical periods.

 In the dimension of values, the legend of Chiyou reconstructs the value evaluation criterion of "valuing both merits and demerits beyond success and failure". Instead of simply labeling Chiyou as a "fiendish god", the legend objectively records his contributions to governing the Jiuli tribes and enlightening the people — smelting metals to improve people’s livelihood, harnessing water and land to pursue development, and creating music and dance to enrich spiritual life. This dialectical perspective toward historical figures has shaped the Chinese nation’s value orientation of "not judging a hero by success or failure", and rooted the concept of "respecting diverse contributions and facing up to the origins of civilization" deeply in people’s minds.

 In the construction of cultural confidence, the legend of Chiyou holds irreplaceable unique value. First, it confirms the "diversity within unity" origin characteristic of Chinese civilization. The bronze smelting, pottery making and other crafts of the Jiuli tribes are important components of the evolution of Huaxia civilization, providing a more complete historical picture for the Chinese nation to trace its roots and origins. Second, the legend breaks the dualistic opposition narrative of traditional myths, showing the true style of competition and integration among ancient tribal civilizations, and demonstrating the strong vitality of Chinese traditional culture characterized by inclusiveness. Third, as a representative symbol of the Dongyi culture, Chiyou’s legend has been continuously reinterpreted in later generations, becoming a bond connecting the cultural memories of different regions and ethnic groups, and endowing national cultural confidence with richer connotations and broader horizons.